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Constipation is mostly a short-term problem that can be resolved at home, but it’s important to know when it requires emergency care.
Faeces can become hardened and lodged in the rectum. This is the most severe outcome of constipation and can be linked to complications such as bleeding and bowel obstruction.
Bowel obstruction occurs when your small or large intestine becomes partially or fully blocked. The stretching of the intestines can cause pain, a rupture and bleeding, requiring urgent medical attention.
According to a study published in the American Journal of Gastroenterology, the number of visits to emergency units in America hospitals has increased over the past decade and there is an increasing trend towards hospital visits with constipation-related complications.
When you experience the following symptoms, you should seek immediate medical assistance:
1. When you have unbearable abdominal pain
When your constipation is coupled with crippling abdominal pain, this might be the symptom of a larger issue such as appendicitis or a bowel obstruction, which definitely requires a trip to the ER, according to Robynne Chutkan, a gastroenterologist in Maryland, USA, as reported by Women’s Health.
2. When you are vomiting
Vomiting when you are constipated could possibly be a sign of faecal impaction, where the stool in the blocked colon can’t be moved, according to Harvard Medical School. The backed up waste can cause vomiting. This is extremely dangerous and requires urgent medical attention.
3. When your stomach is severely bloated
Painful bloating of the stomach can also be a sign of a serious bowel obstruction. Bloating caused by constipation can often be treated at home and might clear up in time. However, if your bloating doesn’t clear up, it could be bowel obstruction or blockage.
4. When there is blood in your stool
The presence of blood in your stool is not always reason to panic. According to the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, there are several minor causes of rectal bleeding, such as fissures, haemorrhoids, rectal ulcers or rectal inflammation.
But if you are constipated and discover that the stools you do pass are tarry and maroon in colour, it requires urgent medical care, states the Cleveland Clinic.
5. When your constipation has lasted for longer than two weeks
According to the Cleveland Clinic, any case of constipation lasting for longer than two weeks without relief from home remedies or changes in diet should be checked out by a doctor. If your stools become lodged in the rectum, it can lead to faecal incontinence, which will occur when mucus or fluids leak around the stools.
Chronic constipation can also cause your health in general to take a knock. When you suffer from chronic constipation, you are unable to get rid of excess waste that builds up in your colon. This can end up making you sick as your intestines will become overloaded, not allowing your body to absorb crucial nutrients.
Image credit: iStock
The legal team for murder accused businessman Jason Rohde on Wednesday accused the State of “character assassination” against its pathologist Dr Reggie Perumal after the prosecutor highlighted cases where his expert opinion was irrelevant.
During Perumal’s cross-examination in the Western Cape High Court, prosecutor Louis van Niekerk focused on his CV and cases he had mentioned during his evidence-in-chief as having worked on.
These included his input into the forensic investigations of the deaths of Solomon Mujuru, the husband of former Zimbabwean vice-president Joice Mujuru, and former South African cricketer Tertius Bosch.
Van Niekerk said the courts never ended up adjudicating his expert opinion in some of the cases he mentioned and it was not relevant to raise them in the first place except for “a bit of name dropping”.
He continued that it was interesting to hear about the cases but they gave no indication of the quality of his opinion.
Before Perumal could respond, defence lawyer advocate Graham van der Spuy sprang up and said he did not know if the State was engaging in some form of character assassination.
“What is my learned friend trying to achieve by this?” Van der Spuy asked.
Judge Gayaat Salie-Hlophe said she did not perceive the State to be assassinating Perumal’s character because the prosecutor had set out the mentioned cases in his CV.
Van Nierkerk said his intention was to examine Perumal’s expert opinion.
State wants to question Perumal about Van Breda case
Salie-Hlophe replied that Perumal’s CV gave her the impression that he was extremely experienced in forensic pathology and court proceedings.
Perumal was hired by Rohde to conduct a second autopsy on his wife Susan, after her death at the Spier wine estate on July 24, 2016.
Rohde has pleaded not guilty to killing her and staging a suicide.
The State questioned Perumal’s credibility on Tuesday by referring to two past cases where a court had rejected his testimony.
Read more: Jason Rohde: State highlights cases where court rejected defence pathologist’s testimony
On Wednesday, the court heard that the State wanted to ask Perumal questions about his involvement in the trial of Henri van Breda.
Van Breda was recently given three life sentences for axing his parents and brother to death, and seriously injuring his sister.
However, Van Niekerk said it would be fair to first give the defence time to read through the lengthy judgment.
The trial resumes on Thursday morning.
Grade 12, Firefighter 1 and/or Firefighter 2; Tertiary qualification in the emergency/fire discipline (e.g. SAESI Diploma); Advance Fire Fighting or Advance Fire Prevention certificate; At least 3 yearsâ experience at a senior level in an emergency environment; Must be Computer Literate (MS Office); High Angle Rescue 1 and or High Angle Rescue 2; HAZMAT First Responder and or HAZMAT Operational; Ability to communicate fluently in English (spoken and written); Code EB / 08 driverâs license; Fire Appliance Re-conditioning certificate (advantage); Basic Ambulance Assistant (advantage); Experience at a supervisory level will be advantageous. Send CV in MS Word and SAPS Certified copies of qualifications in PDF to hr.limcaconsortium@gmail.com
| Remuneration: | Basic salary |
| Location: | Durban |
| Reference: | #VPA-DBN |
| Company: | Vega School – Durban Campus |
Vice Principal – Academic: Durban Campus (Permanent) – VPA-DBN
Code/Reference: VPA-DBN
Applications accepted until: 2018-07-09
Number of Openings: one
Campus/Business Unit: Vega School – Durban Campus
Direct reporting line: principal – academic
Job purpose:
To manage the academic team ensuring good quality academic delivery to Vega students in support of the achievement of subject outcomes on campus. To provide teaching and learning support and assistance to the academic team and to stand in for campus principal when the need arises.
Working hours: 8.am to 5pm Monday to Friday. Please note that you may be required to work outside of these working hours.
Education: post graduate degree/diploma in education (NQF level 8).
Functional competencies:
Skills:
Behavioural attributes:
Work experience:
Lecturer at university level – four years.
Management experience – five years.
Key Performance Area:
Academic delivery:
Academic research management:
Student support:
Lecturer leadership/oversight:
Human resource management:
Working conditions:
Equity statement:
Disclaimer
Please note that only candidates who meet the requirements will be considered for this role, only successful candidates will be contacted within two weeks of applying. If you have not heard from us within two weeks of applying consider your application unsuccessful.
Posted on 20 Jun 14:31
HARRISMITH – The N3 freeway linking Johannesburg and Durban remains blocked at Van Reenen’s Pass.
Truck drivers are believed to be behind the blockade.
13h55 #ProtestAction #VanReenenPass: Entire road still blocked. Please delay your trips or use the alternative route.
— N3 Toll Concession (@N3Route) June 20, 2018
Protesters blocked the N3 Toll Route in both directions at Van Reenens Pass between Harrismith and the Tugela Toll Plaza towards Ladysmith on Wednesday morning.
Law enforcement and emergency services officials were deployed to the area, but it was not immediately clear why the drivers were blocking the highway.
Con Roux of the N3 Toll Concession said there were extensive backlogs in both directions.
He said at this stage, there was no indication when the road would be reopened.
@N3Route Trucks are blocking the Van Reenen’s pass. Looks like some kind of a protest action pic.twitter.com/Q0JB6d5LO5
— Cephas Marikisi (@cephasmzw) June 20, 2018
Roux urged motorists to avoid travel in the area and if necessary, to use alternative routes such as the R74 via Oliviershoek Pass.
Other options include:
The R34/N11 – Vrede/Newcastle/Ladysmith
The R23 – Heidelberg/Standerton/Volksrust/Ladysmith
#AmTraffic N3 #Protest @ Van Reenen pic.twitter.com/eF6IWG7tTg
— Natal Towing Association (@nataltowing_nta) June 20, 2018
Motorists have been urged to obtain real-time traffic updates from the 24-hour N3 Route Helpline on 0800 63 4357; or to get traffic updates on Twitter using the handle @N3Route.
eNCA